Comparison between three-way and standard laryngeal mask airways for children with pulmonary disorders undergoing diagnostic endoscopies

To compare the safety and efficacy between a three-way laryngeal mask airway[TLMA] and a standard laryngeal mask airway [SLMA] in children with pulmonary disorders. We retrospectively analyzed 60 pediatric patients with pulmonary disorders who had surgical procedures with general anesthesia [oxygen flow rate: 1L/min] and volume control ventilation. Among the patients, 42 were inserted with TLMA [group T] and 18 were administered with SLMA [group S]. Several parameters were obtained before, during and after the endoscopic procedure. Ease of insertion and the conditions during insertion were comparable in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding changes in hemodynamic and blood gas parameters. However, patients in group S spent significantly longer time in surgery [group T: 35 +/- 24 min compared with group S: 53 +/- 31 min, P < 0.05] and ventilated [group T: 52 +/- 26 min compared with group S: 68 +/- 28 min, P < 0.05] than those in group T. TLMA can be considered more effective for ventilation in children with pulmonary disorders who are undergoing general anesthesia.

Comparison of ventilatory effects between three-way laryngeal mask airway and tracheal catheter on patients during bronchoalveolar lavage / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To compare the ventilatory effects between three-way laryngeal mask airway (TLMA)and tracheal catheter (TC) on hemodynamics, respiratory function and stress responses on patients during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Method Forty patients scheduled for BAL under general anesthesia were divided (stratified sampling) into either TLMA group (group T,n = 20) or TC group (group C, n = 20) according to the stratified sampling principle. SpO2, SBP, DBP and HR were measured in 5 min after entering the operating theater (To), just before inserting TLMA or TC(T1), immediately after inserting TLMA or TC(T2) ,3 min(T3), 5 min(T4), 10 min(T5)after mechanical ventilation, 10 min(T6),20 min(T7), 30 min(T8)during the course of BAL,immediately after extubating TLMA or TC (T9)and 3 min after extubating TLMA or TC (T10). The tidal volume (VT), peak inspiratory airway pressure (Ppeak) and end expiratory CO2 pressure(PETCO2)were recorded at T2,T4,T6,T7, T8, T10. The venous blood samples were taken at T0, T2, T3, T4, T6, T9, T10 for the measurements of epinephrine(AE), norepinephrine(NE)and dopamine (DA) levels with high performance liquid chromatography.Data were dealt with SPSS version 10.0 statistic software. The variables of hemodynamics and stress responses were analyzed with ANOVA of repeating test data. P ＜ 0.05 means the difference in statistical significance. Results In group C, SBP, DBP and HR were significantly higher than those in group T at T2 ,T3 ,T9 (P ＜ 0.05). In group C, the levels of Ppeak were significantly higher than those in group T at T6 ,T7 ,T8 (P ＜ 0.05), and the concentrations of AE, NE and DA were also significantly higher in group C than those in group T at T2, T3 and T9 (P ＜0.05). Conclusions Ventilation with TLMA in patients during BAL is better than TC in respects of keeping stable ventilation, stable hemodynamics and producing less stress responses.

Ventilatory efficiency of three-way laryngeal mask airway in tracheal foreign body removal / 中华麻醉学杂志

Three-way laryngeal mask airway (tLMA) was used in 31 patients aged 4-68 yr, weighing 10- 79 kg undergoing tracheal foreign body removal under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 3 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.4 μg/kg. tLMA was inserted. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of propofol 2 mg . Kg-1 ? H-1, vecuronium 0.08 mg·kg-1·h-1 and remifentanil 0.15 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 . Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. The operation time was 6-34 min and mechanical ventilation time 19-45 min. There was no significant change in SP, DP, HR, VT, Ppeak and Ppeak CO, during operation as compared with the baseline values before anesthesia. SpO2 was significantly increased at T2-6. PCO2, PO2 and O2sat were obviously improved after tLMA was used. All the patients emerged bom anesthesia within 30 min after operation. No aspiration, obvious gastrointestinal inflation, and pharyngeal and laryngeal edema and injury occurred. Mild agitation occurred in a short time during the recovery period in one patient. No complication occurred.

The box-dimension-based localization of neuronal structures in pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson's disease / 生物医学工程学杂志

Currently, the intraoperative location of microelectrode position in the globus pallidus is subjective and qualitative; it only depends on the experience of doctors during pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The fractal characteristic of neuronal discharge signals is analyzed for target localization; the factor of box dimension is extracted from the microelectrode recordings for identifying the neuronal structures at the depth of microelectrode. New objective and quantitative targeting technique is presented by processing clinical microelelctrode recordings of Parkinson's disease. Through the validation of clinical data and the critical appraisal by experts, the targeting technique can be used for improving the accuracy of localization in neurosurgery.

Research of neuronal structures target localization based on Hilbert-Huang transform for neuronal discharges / 生物医学工程学杂志

Electrophysiological target localization is the key technology in microelectrode-guided stereotactic neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease (PD). A neuronal discharge signal analysis method based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) was introduced. By decomposing the clinical microelectrode recording (MER) data of PD into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), the marginal spectrums of IMFs were achieved, and the characteristic factor correlated with brain structure was explored, then the HHT characteristic factor curve of neuronal discharge signals of microelectrode piqure locus could be achieved. The structures of neuronal and boundaries can be distinguished by the characteristic factor curve, and then damage range and damage point can be identified. This method can assist clinicians in ascertaining operation target effectively and researching into the cases of PD.

Method of localization of microelectrode in the globus pallidus during pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease / 生物医学工程学杂志

Intraoperative analysis of the position of microelectrode in the globus pallidus only depends on experiences and subjective interpretation of microeletrode recording discharge of neurons during pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease. In this paper is reported a method for objective localization of microeletrode during neurosurgery. This method uses the factor of interspike interval based on microelectrode recordings. It is effective for identifying the change of the globus pallidal organism along the microelectrode pathway and the departure or deviation of the needle-pathway. The classification is consistent with the anatomic structures and the results of neurosurgery. This method can be used as a guide in pallidotomy. Globus pallidus.

Detection of neural spikes based on the combination of wavelet transforms and nonlinear energy operator / 生物医学工程学杂志

The microelectrode recordings of neuron discharge, which contain noises, are very complex and apt to be disturbed by many factors during the microelectrode-guided stereotactic operations. The varying signal-to-noise ratios are obstacles to the analysis of neural spikes. A novel method based on a combination of wavelet-based and non-linear energy operator is presented for the detection of neural spikes. The method is tested for neural signals of different patients and various SNR values. The results demonstrate its performance for successful detection and effective extraction of the waveform of neural spikes.

Experiment research of autoradiogam by ~(99)Tc~m-TRODAT-1 in Parkinson disease models rat / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To develop ~(99)Tc~m labeled dopamine transporter(DAT) imaging agent ~(99)Tc~m-(2?-[N,N~(,)-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)ethylenediamino]methyl,3?-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane(TRODAT-1) for evaluating changes of DAT in patients with Parkinson disease(PD). Methods: The SD rats were divided into control group(n=5),PD models group(n=22)and generalized cerebral infarction models group(n=5).~() Unilateral smashing and injecting autothrombo into carotid artery of SD rats were used.~(99)Tc~m-TRODAT-1 distributing in normal rat striatum was observed.The uptakes in sound side and smashed side of PD rats striatum and in two sides of multiple infarction rats striatum were compared. Results:~(99)Tc~m-TRODAT-1 distribution in normal rats striatum exhibited a obvious uptake in striatum.And PD rats results exhibited that the uptake was less in normal striatum than in smashed striatum obviously.The result of multiple infarction rats is same as normals rats. Conclusion: ~(99)Tc~m-TRODAT-1 might betaked specificly.Its imaging can provide a beneficial evidence for PD disease early diagnose.

Experimental research of sodium phenylacetate on induced differentiation in cerebral glioma cell / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To observe the curative effect of sodium phenylacetate (NaPA) on induced differentiation in human glioma cells P 168 in vitro,and preliminarily probe into its mechanism.Methods MTT assay flow cytometry and cell microscope were used to test the changes of P 168 cells treated by different concentrations of NaPA in vitro, and observed ultrastructureal changes of tumor cells.Results NaPA could inhibite the growth of human glioma,show the inhibition effect of time concentration dependent,the flow cytometric was used to find S phase is 11.99% or 13.17% in the NaPA treated P 168 cells and 20.17% in the NaPA untreated P 168 cells. Electron microscope of NaPA treated P 168 cells demonstrated there were rich mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and elastic filament,but in NaPA untreated P 168 cells,there were numerous scattered polyribosomes appeared.Conclusion NaPA not only inhibit the growth of P 168 haman glioma cells, but also remarkably induce the differentiation of these cells in vitro.

Study on Preparation Process of Sodium Copper Porphyrin of Herba Ephedrae and Its Character / 中成药

Objective: To study the comprehensive utilization of Herba Ephedrae resources during the extraction process of ephedrin, that is the extracting of porphyrin compound.Methods: The process conditions for preparing sodium copper porphyrin were optimized by the two preparation processes and twice orthogonal tests. Results: Herba Ephedrae was powdered, steeped and boiled in alcohol, saponified, then extracted with xylene. The ephedrin was extracted from the upper layer of xylene extraction solution and sodium copper porphyrin was obtained from the lower layer by copper substituton, acidulation and alkalization. Conclusion: The optimum preparation process for producing sodium copper porphrin of Herba Ephedrae which is superior to porphyrin in the stability and colour is ascertained.

Experimental research on antiglioma effect of sodium phenylacetate / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To observe the change of tumor cells on sodium phenylacetate(NaPA) treating G422 glioma mice,and explore its mechanism.Methods Two kinds of mice models(intracranial and muscular G422 glioblasloma cells) were established,and were divided into five groups,among which 3 groups for expe rimental groups,they were received NaPA(1200,800,400 mg/kg?d).In the other two groups,the positive control group was administered BCNU(20 mg/kg) only one time.The negative control group was given saline 24 h later tumor inoculation,these mice bagan to be administered.The experimental group and negative control group were injected NaPA and saline for 14 days respectively.After that,the drug toxicity,the survival period,survival rate of the mice were observed,and the pathology and ultrastructure of glioma in every group were also observed.The muscular tumor mice were sacrificed for measurement of tumor suppression rate.Results NaPA can prolong the life span of the mice with glioma;it has concentration dependent inhibition to glioma proliferation;the pathology and electron microscopy showed the decrease of glioma nuclei fission image treated by NaPA,the increase of rough endoplasmic reliculum and the cell proptosis were found,it demonstrated the tumor cells had differentiation trend.Conclusion NaPA had antitumor effect by inducing glioma cell differentiation and inhibiting the growth of tumor.

Extraction of Ephedrine and Prophyrin Copper Sodium of Ephedra / 中成药

Objective: To obtain ephedrine with porphyrin copper sodium from Herba Ephedrae. Methods: Application of ethanol to obtain ephedrine and porphyrin copper sodium from ephedra. The spoinfy reaction of porphyrin will take place, the integral ephedrine will turn into free ephedrine (dissolved in ether), when the liquor of ethanol of ethanol of ephedra are heated with NaOH. Using dimethylponyle to extract, the liquor will into two phases, one's (including sponify porphyrin) is water phase, the other's (including free ephedrine) is ether phase. Results: The yield proportion of ephedrine is 0.72%, and porphyrin copper sodium is 1.8%.Conclusion: It is practicable to extract porphyrin copper sodium with ephedrine from Herba Ephedrae.